Edifício João Goulart: análise da arquitetura moderna institucional

Abstract

The modern movement was a milestone in the architecture of the whole world, spreading new ways of building and organizing spaces in a troubled period, circumscribed by the great wars of the twentieth century. In Brazil, the Federal Institutes were multiplying agents of modern architecture, with the conception of governmental headquarters in several capitals. The construction of the João Goulart Building, former headquarters of the INSS, was a landmark of modern architecture in Maranhão’s capital, with the demolition of houses for the insertion of one of the first and only skyscrapers in the foundational nucleus, registered by UNESCO in 1997. Built in 1960, the João Goulart Building in São Luís operated for only 20 years in its almost 50 years of existence; and had a history of failed reforms and government negligence, resulting on its complete abandonment and attrition, driven by the vandalism of irregular occupations. Today's setup is a "modern ruin". An analysis of the current state of abandonment of Ed. Joao Goulart, in comparison to its history over time, indicates an urgent need for rehabilitation / intervention / reform, so that his road to ruining is interrupted. In the final undergraduate work, an understanding is sought about the importance of modern architecture, transcribed through the building, inserted in the urban historical and perspective context of the city of São Luís, in dissonance with its process of ruining. We sought to reflect on a preservation of twentieth-century architecture, using as guidelines the letters for understanding the historical and cultural values that an aggregate material good in a society, absorbing end the importance of preservation of goods accompanied by everything by reversing this scenario.