Autoconstrução: a moradia de descendentes de quilombolas na Microrregião de Chapadinha - MA

Abstract

Throughout Brazil, there are more than 2,890 communities descended from quilombolas, 680 located in Maranhão territory, according to data from the Palmares Cultural Foundation (2017), most of them in rural areas, which in Maranhão have more than 2 million inhabitants of the state's population, the largest percentage of rural population in the country, according to IBGE (2010). However, a large number of these inhabitants live in precarious conditions of poverty, social and productive exclusion, which also makes it impossible to access housing in the formal market due to the low salaries and available resources. It is in this context that self-construction becomes the protagonist, as the main production of popular housing, it is through it that the low-income population finds a solution to the housing problem. Given this, it becomes necessary a study on self-construction and the rural space, as well as the traditional knowledge involved in the daily actions related to the construction, dwelling, producing and relating of communities descendants of quilombolas. The present work intends to present a study that helps in the understanding of the production of the dwelling of these communities, with the general objective of identifying and analyzing the self - built dwellings of descendants of quilombolas from the traditional constructions systems, Wattle and daub and adobe, and how the same condition the design and development of self-built housing in the Chapadinha Microregion.