Vazão de escoamento superficial e sistema de drenagem urbana: um estudo de caso no bairro Vila Frei Solano na cidade de Bacabal - MA

Abstract

The rapid urbanization without appropriate planning has caused several environmental and social issues, with a particular emphasis on the inefficiency of urban drainage systems, especially in peripheral and expanding regions. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the surface runoff flow of rainwater and the existing drainage infrastructure in a section of the Vila Frei Solano neighborhood, located in the city of Bacabal, Maranhão, Brazil. The methodology used was qualitative and descriptive, based on local observations, photographic records, and the evaluation of secondary data, such as rainfall indices. The results reveal a scenario of urban vulnerability, evidenced by the lack of technical planning, the absence of appropriate micro-drainage systems, and inadequate maintenance of existing components. Issues such as frequent flooding, overflow of improvised canals, blockage of storm drains, and poorly constructed or missing gutters have caused significant impacts on the lives of local residents, including the flooding of homes and degradation of urban pavement. In light of this reality, the research proposes structural and preventive measures, including the replacement of improvised channels with technically adequate structures, the installation and standardization of micro-drainage systems, the regular maintenance of drainage devices, and the revision of the city's Urban Drainage Master Plan, which is currently outdated. The suggestions presented aim not only to mitigate the effects of rainfall but also to contribute to the development of a more resilient, safe, and sustainable city. Therefore, this research provides relevant information and analysis to support technical and political decisions, with the goal of developing structural solutions and implementing urban strategies that improve the living conditions of the local community.