Alagamentos e inundações no bairro Lima Verde em Paço do Lumiar MA

Abstract

In order to better understand the phenomena of flooding in urban areas, the Lima Verde neighborhood, located in the municipality of Paço do Lumiar, was chosen as the object of study. The main objective of this work is to analyze the areas susceptible to flooding in the Lima Verde neighborhood. The area has accelerated urban growth, with the presence of condominiums, businesses and shopping centers, which is one of the main factors responsible for the alteration of the natural landscape and the intensification of phenomena such as flooding. In order to understand the dynamics of the study area, a bibliographic survey was carried out on topics related to urbanization, the water cycle and flooding. In addition to thematic mapping and field visits, in which it was possible to identify and georeference nine points of occurrence distributed along the roads of Cajueiro and MA-201, road São José de Ribamar. The physical-natural characterization of the study area was carried out, contextualizing the natural and anthropic characteristics in the Lima Verde neighborhood, such as: geology, geomorphology, hypsometry, slope, climate, hydrography, soils and land use and cover, highlighting how these characteristics contribute to the analysis of susceptibility to flooding in the Lima Verde neighborhood. The research was based on the methodology addressed by Louzeiro (2022), based on the field form by Guerra et al (2009), which consists of the analysis of variables that influence the intensification of natural phenomena such as flooding. In this way, it was possible to classify certain variables into exposure levels, such as: very low, low, medium, high and very high, determining values from 0 to 1.0 in intervals of 0.25 tenths, this process is called normalization of exposure levels according to Louzeiro (2022). This procedure was applied in the 3 most critical points of the 9 points mapped with occurrences of flooding in the Lima Verde neighborhood. For each critical point, a field form for flooding and another for inundation was applied, totaling 6 field forms. After this data was standardized, the arithmetic mean was calculated, which served to define the sectors most susceptible to flooding and inundation. These indicated high levels of susceptibility to both flooding and inundation, demonstrating the need for more effective measures to mitigate the damage suffered by the population