Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar: uma análise de dados sobre a estrutura, dinâmica e acesso no município de São Luís – MA de 2014 a 2018

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the structure, dynamics and access of PNAE in São Luís from 2014 to 2018. The choice of the municipality of São Luís as spatial cutout for the reserach is due to the fact that the municipality has the largest participation in the PNAE in Maranhão. In addition, we also seek to verify the strategies used by the municipal secretariats of education and agriculture for the consolidation of PNAE in the communities, in addition to mapping the schools served and the participating communities of the program and investigating how much the Ludovicense rural area supplies schools of the municipality through the PNAE. For the development of the research, we used the Historical and Dialectical Materialism as theoretical-methodological foundation and the survey of essential secondary data taking into consideration the methods of representation and distribution of the geographic space together with the statistical and geostatistical methods. Thus, we highlight how much agriculture and the State make possible, respectively, through food production and public policies to supply the Brazilian population. However, the hunger is still a problem and we have no estimate for when it will cease be an obstacle for humanity and the PNAE, instituted in 1979, had importante changes in its structure to attend children and teenagers in school. Regarding to the São Luís city, we have theoretically analyzed the multifaceted formof changes in time and space over the years and as an example, it is the urban advance moving more and more towards the rural. From these socio-spatial transformations, we signal to the effects of the reduction of the Ludovicense Rural Zone, where communities and villages are being affected in their productions and may vehemently stop producing their food to sell to PNAE. Finally, the low quantity of communities benefited by the PNAE results from part of the requested food not being produced in agricultural areas, in addition to São Luís not measuring efforts to comply with at least 30% of the products of family farming. In short, the ties and firm arms of the State with big Capital put obstacles that affect the execution of the PNAE and this is clear when we talk about the privileges exercised by the agricultural sector economically.