As relações de trabalho de motoristas de ônibus: uma análise da precarização social do trabalho na Região Metropolitana de São Luís

Abstract

This work aimed to analyze the process of precarious work relationships among bus drivers in the metropolitan region of São Luís, Maranhão (MA), driven by new technologies, specifically, the implementation of the electronic turnstile as part of the modernization of the bus system. urban transport in the municipality. The focus was to try to understand the relationship between new technologies and the growing precariousness of labor relations, as well as the restructuring of production processes in Brazil and its effects and the subsequent developments post-labor reform, such as the ongoing shortage of the labor relations of urban bus drivers, in the city of São Luís, after the implementation of the new electronic ticketing system, which requires employees to charge and drive at the same time. Considering the city of São Luís as a space of disputes and socio-spatial inequalities, and where precarious working conditions are produced, the choice for historical-dialectic materialism was thus justified, a method that made it possible to understand reality from its contradictions. The research was based on two types of data: primary, obtained through interviews with drivers, with the vice-president of the Union of Road Transport Workers in the State of Maranhão (STTREMA) and with users of public transport, and direct observation of the researched reality; and secondary ones, through survey, study and analysis of documentary collections concerning constitutional aspects, such as the collective labor agreement (CCT). The focus was to understand how the work relationships of urban public transport drivers, after the implementation of the new electronic ticketing, have been experienced by these employees, as well as the effects and consequences of these in their daily lives. The results presented suggest that in addition to the precarious factors of the driving profession, with the implementation of the new electronic ticketing system in São Luís, drivers' working conditions become even more degrading given the intensification of urban chaos