Impactos socioambientais dos resíduos sólidos no bairro Teso Duro em Caxias-MA

Abstract

This Undergraduate Final Paper analyzes the socio-environmental impacts caused by the inadequate disposal of solid waste in the Teso Duro neighborhood, located in the municipality of Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive-exploratory design and employed field observation and the application of a questionnaire consisting of fifteen questions administered to local residents, aiming to understand their perceptions and experiences regarding the environmental issue. In this context, the following guiding research question emerges: what are the main socioenvironmental impacts resulting from the improper disposal of solid waste in the Teso Duro neighborhood, and how does the lack of effective public policies and environmental education actions contribute to the persistence of this problem in the municipality? Accordingly, the general objective of the study is to analyze the socio-environmental impacts caused by the irregular disposal of solid waste in the Teso Duro neighborhood, in Caxias, Maranhão. Specifically, the study seeks to: identify and describe the socio-environmental impacts in the area of the landfill located in the neighborhood; discuss the population’s perception of the solid waste problem; and propose measures that may contribute to awareness-raising and effective changes in solid waste management in Teso Duro, Caxias–MA. The results reveal that the neighborhood faces serious challenges related to insufficient public waste collection, irregular disposal in streets and vacant lots, proliferation of disease vectors, health risks, and environmental degradation. The analysis of the historical development of the Caxias landfill, located within the study area, demonstrates structural failures in municipal management and non-compliance with the guidelines established by the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS). The interviewed population acknowledges the impacts of improper waste disposal on the environment and public health but shows limited knowledge of public policies aimed at efficient waste management. Among the solutions proposed by residents are educational campaigns, the implementation of a sanitary landfill, selective waste collection, increased inspection, and greater frequency of waste collection services. It is concluded that the situation requires integrated actions involving public authorities, the local community, and educational institutions, with an emphasis on environmental education, social participation, and sustainable planning