Construção de experimentos de Física: uma proposta de disciplina eletiva para alunos de ensino médio

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the implementation of an elective experimentation course in physics in high school and to understand the benefits of experimentation for the teaching-learning process. The research was conducted with a 2nd-year class at the Escola Estadual Cônego Aderson Guimarães Junior, located in Caxias, Maranhão, during the second semester of 2024. The classes were held on Wednesdays, during the first two hours of the morning. Pedagogical methodologies involving active learning approaches were employed, alongside experimentation as the main teaching method to make the course more dynamic, engaging, and accessible. Experimentation facilitated the connection of theories with real-life situations through hands-on activities. Experiments on sound, forces acting on a body, and electrical circuits were conducted. The proposed activities allowed students to assemble experiments, observe phenomena, and verify theoretical principles through practice. This approach strengthened content comprehension, stimulated scientific curiosity, and developed analytical and investigative skills. The results showed that students were receptive, with significant engagement in the proposed activities. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of an experimental physics elective is an effective pedagogical tool, capable of transforming students' perceptions of science and enhancing the teaching-learning process