Potencialidades geoambientais de um rosário de lagos na Baixada Maranhense

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the geographic, environmental, hydrological, and socioeconomic dynamics of the lake region of the Baixada Maranhense, also known as the Rosary of Lakes or the Maranhão Wetland. The research seeks to understand how the natural landscapes and the socioeconomic relationships of the riverside communities are structured, as well as to identify the region's potential and the challenges for sustainable development. The methodology combines geospatial analysis using the QGIS 3.34.11 software, secondary data from institutions such as IBGE, MapBiomas, and CPRM, along with field observations, photographic records, and mapping of the touristic and productive potential of the municipalities of Matinha, Viana, Penalva, and Cajari. The results show that the region has high environmental diversity, composed of interconnected lacustrine systems, floodplains, flooded forests, and rich fauna and flora. Fish farming, particularly in the municipality of Matinha, stands out as one of the main economic activities, followed by artisanal fishing, floodplain agriculture, and plant extractivism. However, the expansion of unregulated productive practices, combined with the effects of climate change, has intensified environmental problems such as lake siltation, biodiversity loss, and the depletion of water resources. Community-based tourism emerges as a sustainable alternative, especially in the municipalities of Viana, Penalva, and Cajari, which have strong scenic and cultural appeal. The study concludes that it is urgent to implement public policies for territorial planning, conservation of lacustrine systems, and strengthening of sustainable productive practices to ensure the preservation of ecosystems, the valorization of traditional knowledge, and income generation for local communities.