Lesões retais em animais acometidos por hérnia perineal: revisão de literatura

Abstract

Perineal hernias are a problem in small animal practice, being one of the main conditions affecting male dogs, from adult to elderly, and unneutered. Several factors can trigger this condition, and it is multifactorial. Concomitantly, rectal anomalies can occur alongside perineal hernias. These are increasingly common defects. A proper approach is crucial for the success of herniorrhaphy, reducing recurrence rates. Several studies demonstrate that performing the simultaneous correction of both problems provides greater benefits to the animal and fewer recurrences. Rectal anomalies secondary to perineal hernias are caused by factors such as pressure exerted on the rectal wall by the accumulation of fecal material, which weakens the muscles in this region and forms sacs. Regarding rectal diverticula, their causes are still unclear. Some authors suggest weak points in the rectal wall, congenital causes, and other acquired causes, with perineal hernias being the main cause of acquired diverticula. Rectal deviations are S-shaped deformities that can occur either in isolation or secondary to perineal hernias and are considered less complex than diverticula and rectal sacs. These problems are diagnosed through the animal's history, clinical signs, physical examination, digital palpation, and radiography. Treatment should be tailored to each specific condition, and surgery is necessary for adequate correction.