Análise de impactos de inundações: criação de programa computacional utilizando indicadores da bacia hidrográfica

Abstract

Since the beginning of urbanization, the floods have been seen as a problem, which often is compounded by the unusual and unplanned growth of urban centers. Factors such as soil sealing and occupation in areas of floodplains, areas near the banks of rivers and canals, among others, affect the water cycle, damaging the natural course of the water. In this context, this study aims to analyze the impacts of floods, applied in a particular area of the city of São Luis, through the use of physical indicators of watershed (topography or slope of the region, soil sealing, presence of accumulations of solid waste in the region and the presence of natural water watercourse) thematic maps developed and proposed a computer program for analysis. This program was developed by using Matrix Leopold Adapted, which based its internal structure by means of weights and equations, which served as the basis for processing. Their criticality is presented in five scenarios (Social, Economic, Hydrological, Physical and Environmental) Matrix analysis applied to each of the parameters studied. For the actual implementation of the proposed study, we used an area located in the neighborhood Barreto, which constantly suffers from heavy flooding impacts during rainy periods. This area has been demonstrated in the form of thematic maps that showed the most critical regions of the same area and served to support and bring more rigor to the results obtained. These results showed that the regions suffering the most from the floods are situated close to water courses, with good high impact values, with the indicators with the highest proportion of impact soil sealing and the proximity of the watercourse