Toxoplasmose gestacional e congênita no estado do Maranhão – MA: análise epidemiológica

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which can lead to serious complications, especially in pregnant women and fetuses. This study evaluates the prevalence and epidemiological profile of gestational and congenital toxoplasmosis in Maranhão from 2019 to 2023. Additionally, it addresses theoretical aspects of the parasite's lifecycle, its clinical manifestations, and diagnostic methods, emphasizing the importance of prenatal screening and early diagnosis. The research also explores nursing care and the challenges of data collection and reporting, as well as the socioeconomic and cultural factors influencing the disease's prevalence. It is an epidemiological study utilizing data from the Notification of Health Conditions Information System (SINAN) and DATASUS to identify toxoplasmosis cases in Maranhão. The results indicate an increase in reported cases, particularly among young women with medium-level education, predominantly in racially mixed (parda) groups, reflecting local demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. A variation in disease prevalence was also observed across municipalities in Maranhão, with significant peaks in São Luís.Thus, the study concludes the relevance of toxoplasmosis as a public health issue and underscores the need to strengthen health education, screening, and care to reduce the risks associated with infection during pregnancy.