Estabelecimento in vitro de abacaxizeiro cv. Turiaçu e potencial fotoautotrófico em diferentes sistemas de cultivo

Abstract

The planting of pineapple 'Turiaçu' carried out in Maranhão, is basically familiar, and conducted in the itinerant system of cutting and burning still going through innovations in the production process. A problem that decreases cv production. 'Turiaçu' and hinders the conquest of new markets is the production of standardized and quality seedlings. Although micropropagation is efficient, a high mortality rate has been observed during the acclimatization process due to physiological changes caused by the in vitro environment. The use of gas-permeable caps and bioreactors is an alternative that can promote the modification of gas exchange in the growing environment and provide greater rusticity to seedlings. Therefore, the general objective of the work was to establish the micropropagation for the pineapple "Turiaçu" as well as to evaluate the multiplication rate and photoautotrophic potential under alteration in the concentrations of sucrose of the medium in different cultivation systems. For chapter II. The objective of this work was to establish a micropropagation protocol for the pineapple "Turiaçu" as well as to evaluate the multiplication rate under different cultivation systems. The in vitro establishment phase of the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (IHD), in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, being four culture media (DM + 2.5 ¿M BAP; MS + 2 μM de ANA + 4 μM de BAP; MS + 2 μM de ANA + 8 μM BAP; and MS + 2 ¿M Of ANA + 12 ¿M BAP) and two types of explants (lateral yolk and stem apex), with 12 replicates per treatment. For the multiplication phase, the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (IHD), a 3x4 factorial scheme, with three sip-FV, SIP-FM and SIT-PF cultivation systems, four BAP concentrations (4, 8, 12 and 16 ¿M), totaling 12 treatments. The apex explant kaolin of pineapple cv. Turiaçu inoculated in MS medium + 2 ¿M ANA + 8 ¿M BAP presents better responses to in vitro establishment. The results show that turiaçu pineapple using plantform temporary immersion bioreactor (SIT - PF) with the addition of ms + 2 ¿M ANA + 12 ¿M BAP culture medium presents better responses egarding multiplication rates, with great potential for large-scale plant production. For chapter III: the objective was to evaluate different concentrations of sucrose in different cultivation systems in the in vitro elongation and rooting of turiaçu pineapple in order to improve photoautotrophic micropropagation systems. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (IHD), 4x4 factorial scheme, with four cultivation systems: glass vials with permanent immersion in liquid medium associated with polypropylene caps without 17 holes covered by porous membranes to gases (SIP-FV); glass vials with permanent immersion in liquid medium associated with polypropylene caps with two holes of 10 mm each, covered by porous membranes with gases (SIP-FM); Plantform simple bottle temporary immersion bioreactors® (SIT-PF); and temporary immersion bioreactors of ralm® double vials (SIT-RALM), associated with four sucrose concentrations (0, 5, 15 and 30 g L-1), totaling 16 treatments. The results showed that pineapple cv. Turiaçu has photoautotrophic potential, given the development of plants in the absence of sucrose and with the use of systems that enable gas exchange. The treatments BIT-RALM and BIT-PF were what allowed the greatest rusticity for the pineapple plants. In addition, the decrease in sucrose in the culture medium increased the photochemical efficiency of the plants