O matriarcado e os papéis femininos no Egito e Núbia Antiga

Abstract

The present course conclusion work aims to problematize western deterministic perceptions about the civilizations of Egypt and Nubia (Northeast Africa) during antiquity, thus proposing the distancing of many archetypes that the Western gaze has on "origin", "matriarchy”. The expression “matriarchy” was used by anthropologists: Johann J. Bachofen, Friedrich Engels and Lewis H. Morgan, who developed the concept from an evolutionary structure at the end of the sec. XIX, with matriarchy being the most primitive stage, and patriarchy the most advanced step of this scale. Cheikh Anta Diop, considered the precursor of Afrocentrism, and far from thinking about matriarchy/patriarchy relations from the perspective of female power, introduces a completely innovative logical body to conceptualize matriarchy, using Egyptian civilization as an object of study. The Senegalese theorist was the first to incorporate Egypt into a cradle of Negroid roots, questioning many principles defended by Egyptology. It is important to observe Egypt, and the relations between men and women, with a cautious look, because, depending on the social strata that these subjects belong to, the dynamics flow in different ways. Like the great queens who made history with their timeless deeds, to the detriment of peasant women who have few records of their activities to reconstruct their respective histories.