Manguezal em risco apesar da norma legal: uso e ocupação do solo na Bacia do Rio Anil em São Luís-MA

Abstract

This paper has a goal to contribute to the knowledge about the environmental impacts resulting from the urban space production dynamics suffered by the mangrove ecosystem in the Anil River basin in São Luís City. The emergence of the Maranhão Capital as a state pole, rural exodus and the socioeconomic prospect development extended local attractiveness and population explosion. The consequence is the increasing urbanization and real estate speculation, which added to the lack of urban planning, housing neglectand the environment have triggered processes that unbalance the relationship between society and the natural landscape, causing environmental impacts in mangrove areas. This is a contradictory reality, because there are federal, state and municipal laws that address the mangroves protection. Thus, to reflect on the conflicts between the existing public policies and the use and occupation of the urban soil of the Mangroves in the Anil River Basin of the São Luís City, an analysis was made that started from the conflicts between the built and the allowed by the legal standard. This was done through a survey and bibliographic review, collection of official information, criticism of legal frameworks, analysis of satellite images of the study area. As a result, thematic mappings were obtained that located and measured the lost areas in a 30-year interval, as well as the identification of the main environmental impacts that the use and occupation of the mangrove ecosystem areas entail, with the exemplification of three cases of vegetation suppression in the basin area. And, finally, measures indications were made to mitigate the problems diagnosed.