Política habitacional e a escala urbana local: uma análise da Política da Companhia de Habitação Popular do Maranhão em São Luís entre 1967 e 1975

Abstract

The present work analyzes the Companhia de Habitação Popular do Maranhão in order to identify the urban and architectural strategies used in the housing complexes Cohab-Anil I, II, III and IV and their consequences in the local urban scale and in the lives of the residents of these housing complexes. Is commented on the issue of housing in Brazil. In the face of capitalist society, it is clear that housing demand is an issue that only the market is not able to resolve. The State, in turn, finds in housing, understood in this research as a commodity, a possibility of populist gain and movement of capital in the national and local economy. Turning to the city of São Luís, this production of housing by the State exemplifies the contradictions of capitalism. This research highlights the work of the Companhia de Habitação Popular do Maranhão - COHAB-MA in the city of São Luís as a housing policy of the military dictatorship. COHAB-MA, together with the Banco Nacional de Habitação-BNH, delivered 16,474 housing units between 1964 and 1986. In addition to the need to understand COHAB-MA as a housing policy and a mirror of state actions that are carried out in the social housing scenario until the Nowadays, this work is also justified in the face of the relentless pursuit of profit and government promotion to the detriment of the quality of housing units and urban space built by COHAB-MA. The main objective is, therefore, to analyze the COHAB-MA with a view to identifying the urban and architectural strategies used in the housing complexes Cohab-Anil I, II, III and IV and their consequences on the local urban scale and in the life of the resident of these housing complexes. The methodological procedure was based on the materialist-historical-dialectical method as an explanation of social reality and, therefore, used bibliographical, documental and field research. Furthermore, as data collection procedures, a semi-structured interview was adopted. Finally, this research concluded that the design strategies adopted by COHAB-MA influenced the urban landscape of the city of São Luís and impacted on the feeling of belonging of the residents of the studied housing complexes