Saberes e práticas de adolescentes sobre métodos contraceptivos

Abstract

Adolescence is a period marked by intense physical, emotional, and social changes and is also a stage of greater vulnerability regarding sexual and reproductive health. In this context, knowledge and proper use of contraceptive methods are essential for preventing unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study aimed to understand adolescents’ knowledge and practices regarding contraceptive methods. This is a mixed-methods descriptive study conducted with 183 high school students enrolled in public schools in the municipality of Grajaú, Maranhão, Brazil. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing closed- and openended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were subjected to Bardin’s content analysis. The results showed that 95.1% of the adolescents reported knowing about contraceptive methods, 90.7% recognized their importance in preventing unplanned pregnancy, and 91.3% identified condoms as an effective method for preventing sexually transmitted infections. Male condoms were the best-known and most commonly used contraceptive method among participants. Despite this, only 51.4% reported using any contraceptive method. The main barriers identified were embarrassment, fear of judgment, and lack of information. It is concluded that adolescents have knowledge about contraception and recognize the importance of contraceptive methods in preventing unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. However, difficulties were identified in translating this knowledge into regular preventive practices. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen health education actions and expand spaces for dialogue among schools, families, and health services