Perfil de atividade física, alimentação e aptidão física de professores do ensino médio da rede pública de São João dos Patos – MA

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize and compare physical activity levels, dietary habits, and physical fitness indicators between the sexes among public high school teachers in the municipality of São João dos Patos, Maranhão. It was a descriptive field study with a quantitative approach, conducted with a non-probability sample of 40 teachers: 57% female (n=23) and 43% male (n=17). The instruments used included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), a 24-hour dietary recall, the McArdle Step Test, and dynamometry. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results revealed an exhausting work routine, reflected in inadequate water intake and irregular dietary habits for both sexes. No significant differences were found between men and women regarding nutritional parameters, muscle strength, or cardiorespiratory fitness, indicating that severe occupational strain affects the vitality of both groups equally. However, the study revealed a statistically significant disparity (p=0.04) in daily physical activity levels, evidenced by a high prevalence of men in the categories involving greater movement (59% active and 29% very active), in contrast to high rates of inactivity among women (39% insufficiently active and 13% sedentary). This scenario is linked to the heavy workload faced by women, as the majority manage a "triple shift" of responsibilities; this factor also underlies the higher prevalence of clinical conditions and greater use of continuous medication reported by this group (only 41% of female teachers reported not using medication, compared to 70% of men). It is concluded that the heavy workload and lack of free time substantially harm the health, diet, and physical fitness of this professional group. Practical measures within the school environment—such as structured breaks and workplace exercises—are necessary to reduce sedentary behavior and mitigate the profound impacts of the extensive workday