Fatores que influenciam o desenvolvimento motor de crianças entre 6 e 11 anos: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Child motor development is a crucial process for growth and overall formation, influenced by biological, family, school, social, and environmental factors. Between the ages of 6 and 11, fundamental motor skills are refined, serving as the basis for daily activities, sports practice, and social interactions. This study aimed to understand, through scientific literature, the factors that influence motor development in children within this age group and their implications for integral development. The research is qualitative in nature and was conducted through a bibliographic review. Data collection involved searches in Google Scholar and SciELO using descriptors such as “motor development,” “fundamental motor skills,” “motor coordination,” and “childhood.” Initially, 24 studies were identified, with 2 duplicates excluded. After screening titles and abstracts, 15 studies were selected for full reading, resulting in 11 articles included in the final review. Inclusion criteria prioritized works published between 2016 and 2026, in Portuguese, with consistent scientific grounding and direct relevance to the topic. Exclusion criteria eliminated studies outside the defined period, lacking theoretical consistency, or not addressing motor development in children aged 6 to 11. The selected materials were analyzed through exploratory and interpretative reading, with information categorized by author, year, objectives, methodology, and results, enabling comparative analysis. Since this was a bibliographic review, no direct contact with human participants occurred, and ethical principles from Resolution No. 466/2012 of the Brazilian National Health Council were respected. Results revealed that motor development stems from the interaction between biological factors—such as growth, maturation, and motor learning—and environmental influences, including family, school, and social contexts. Physical Education was highlighted as essential in providing diverse motor experiences, while socioeconomic conditions, play activities, and access to stimulating environments significantly impacted motor performance. It is concluded that motor development depends not only on biological characteristics but also on the opportunities and experiences offered during childhood, reinforcing the importance of joint action by families, schools, and Physical Education professionals in promoting adequate motor experiences for children’s integral development.