Gestão democrática e planejamento educacional no município de Paço do Lumiar/MA: a participação social da elaboração à avaliação do PME 2014-2023

Abstract

This dissertation, linked to the Educational and School Management research line of the Postgraduate Program in Education at the State University of Maranhão (PPGE/UEMA), aims to analyze social participation in the processes of elaboration, monitoring, and evaluation of the Municipal Education Plan (PME) of Paço do Lumiar/MA, referring to the decade 2014-2023. The study is based on the principles of democratic management and social control, investigating the contradictions between the legal framework and local political practice. The research adopts a qualitative approach, anchored in the dialectical perspective, and uses documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with subjects representing collegiate institutions, such as the Municipal Education Council (CME), the Municipal Education Forum (FME), the segments of Teachers, Basic Education Specialists, Parents/Guardians, Students, and the Union of Education Professionals, in addition to the Municipal Department of Education (SEMED), as investigative procedures. The data analysis was conducted using content analysis, according to Bardin (2015), allowing for triangulation between empirical sources, official documents, and theoretical frameworks, drawing on authors such as Gohn (2016), Saviani (1986, 2006, 2011), Dourado (2010, 2017, 2020), Gandin (2001), among others. The analysis of the phenomenon was based on the following categories: participation; democratic management; and educational planning, from a dialectical perspective permeated by contradiction and a holistic vision. The accurate data analysis revealed that, although the Municipal Education Plan (PME) is aligned with the National Education Plan, considering the goals and strategies aimed at addressing the challenges of municipal education, as well as raising the quality indicators of education, it faced obstacles in the area of social participation, mainly in the monitoring and evaluation phases, impacted by the institutionalized bureaucratic structure, marked by the centralization of the Executive Branch, as well as the lack of autonomy of the collegiate bodies. The main contribution of this study lies in identifying contradiction as a defining element of management, resulting in the proposal of a Guide on Social Participation in the Construction of Municipal Education, as a Technical- Technological Product (TTP), whose objective is to support, through theoretical and critical elements, the participation of society in local educational policy