Identificação de espécies arbóreas de arborização urbana: análise sobre possíveis utilizações nas praças públicas de São Luís Gonzaga – MA

Abstract

Urban afforestation is a fundamental element for promoting the environmental, social, and aesthetic quality of cities. This work aimed to carry out a botanical inventory of tree species present in urban squares in the municipality of São Luís Gonzaga do Maranhão, as well as the creation of a botanical list of tree species for urban afforestation purposes in the city. The research, of a descriptive and exploratory nature, was developed through field surveys, recording the identification of species, their origin (native or exotic), and distribution in the squares through the quantification of the plants currently existing in the squares. Based on the results observed in the public squares of São Luís Gonzaga-MA, a homogenization of existing tree species was identified, with a total of 93 large trees distributed in the 10 (ten) squares of the urban center. Of these 93 species, 63 comprise the Indian neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), totaling 67.7% of the total species, which is an exotic species. The results provided a detailed characterization of the floristic composition of these spaces, identifying the predominance of certain species, as well as pointing out situations of inadequate management, the presence of exotic species, and phytosanitary problems. The study contributes as a support tool for the planning and management of urban tree planting in the municipality, in addition to promoting the appreciation of local flora and strengthening sustainable practices in public spaces. It is recommended that the data obtained be used to support future actions for planting, managing, and conserving urban trees in São Luís Gonzaga do Maranhão.