Levantamento das principais espécies arbóreas utilizadas na arborização urbana da cidade de Bacabal, Maranhão

Abstract

Urban afforestation plays a fundamental role in improving environmental quality and the well-being of the population, especially in urban areas experiencing accelerated growth. In this context, the present Undergraduate Final Project aimed to conduct a survey and characterization of the main tree species used in the urban afforestation of the Vila São João neighborhood, located in the municipality of Bacabal, Maranhão, assessing their distribution, origin, and suitability for the urban environment. The research was carried out through a field survey, with in situ identification of tree species present along public streets, squares, and common areas of the neighborhood, using dendrological criteria and photographic records to support botanical identification. The species were classified according to their origin (native or exotic) and analyzed in terms of frequency of occurrence. The results revealed a predominance of exotic species in the neighborhood’s afforestation, with emphasis on neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and oiti (Licania tormentosa (Benth.) Fritsch), which presented the highest number of individuals. Low species diversity and limited use of native regional species were observed, which may compromise the ecological sustainability of local urban afforestation. In addition, problems related to inadequate planning were identified, such as conflicts between trees and urban infrastructure, especially electrical networks and sidewalks. It is concluded that the afforestation of the Vila São João neighborhood lacks technical planning and public policies aimed at floristic diversification and the prioritization of native species, in order to promote greater environmental balance, urban safety, and quality of life for the population. The study contributes as a technical subsidy for future actions related to the management and planning of urban afforestation in the municipality of Bacabal.