Estratégias de restauração ecológica e sua influência sob comunidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares nativos na Amazônia oriental

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an essential role in plant nutrition, stress resistance, and the regeneration of degraded areas. Studies reveal the abundance and importance of AMF in the Amazon region, including the state of Maranhão. This study aimed to characterize and assess the response of AMF communities to different ecological restoration strategies. Soil samples (0–10 cm) were collected at the end of the dry season (October and November 2021) from areas undergoing different types of ecological restoration: Natural Regeneration (R1), Nucleation (R2), and Agroforestry System (R3). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (3x6: three restoration types × six blocks), with the addition of six secondary forest (SF) plots for comparison. Glomerospore density, the AMF community present in the study areas, and glomalin content were determined. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models and generalized additive models; significant results were subjected to Tukey's test. The SF site showed lower propagule density compared to the other restoration systems. Glomalin levels did not differ significantly among the systems. Thirty-eight AMF species were identified, distributed across seven families and 12 genera; the genus *Glomus* was the most representative, with the highest species richness observed in the R1 strategy. AMF community composition and structure are influenced by both restoration types and soil physicochemical variables; agroforestry systems exhibited higher AMF density and richness compared to other restoration types and the secondary forest. However, glomerospore production and glomalin levels were not affected by the different restoration types.