Sistema elétrico dos veículos híbridos e elétricos: um estudo sobre os riscos e implicações frente às ocorrências de resgate veicular atendidas pelo CBMMA

Abstract

The study deals with the risks and implications of the electrical system present in hybrid and electric cars in the face of vehicular rescue occurrences of the Military Fire Brigade of Maranhão. It raises the following questions: does the Maranhão Military Fire Brigade have the necessary knowledge and means for a vehicle rescue in hybrid and electric cars, acting safely and minimizing risks? What are the risks that the extrication of victims in electric and hybrid vehicles can offer the rescue professional of the Military Fire Brigade of Maranhão? To answer these questions, the general objective of the investigation was to understand the electrical system present in hybrid and electric cars, in order to verify its risks and implications for the occurrences of vehicular rescue attended by the Military Fire Brigade of Maranhão. The study was characterized as applied research in terms of its nature; it was configured with an exploratory and descriptive research with regard to its objective; with regard to its approach, it was a quantitative and qualitative research; in relation to the procedure was a bibliographical and documental research. The data collection technique used was the questionnaire, applied via Google Forms with the Military Fire Brigade of Maranhão that integrate the operational barracks of the capital and Area 02, covering combatants who work both in the metropolitan region of São Luís and in the units of the interior of the state. Data analysis followed the objectives proposed in the study, the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet editor (2016) was used to generate representative graphs of the quantitative data and the qualitative analyzes were based on the published scientific literature on the investigated topic. The results showed that the fighters of the Military Fire Brigade of Maranhão have a reduced degree of technical knowledge about vehicular rescue with hybrid and electric technology, so their insecurity in this type of rescue becomes understandable. The final notes of the study show that the low incidence of training for vehicular rescue with hybrid and electric technology in Brazil draws attention, although there are initiatives that support training of firefighters for rescue in traffic accidents with electric cars, they are still embryonic, perhaps this is a problem that needs to be more at the center of the great discussions in the scope of vehicular salvage, since the electrical system of hybrid and electric vehicles brings risks to the work environment, mainly because it contains high voltage components, without adequate technical knowledge the professional responsible for the rescue may end up becoming another victim