Águas Profundas, Raízes Antigas: trajetórias etnográficas pela Arquitetura Vernacular Palafítica nas Estearias em Penalva - Maranhão.

Abstract

This paper addresses the vernacular stilt architecture of the Baixada Maranhense region, focusing on the stilt houses of the municipality of Penalva, Maranhão. The research investigates pre-colonial stilt archaeological sites, highlighting their architectural characteristics, historical and cultural context, and the relationship of these structures with local communities. The study seeks to value this heritage and highlight its importance in the architectural and anthropological scenario. Vernacular stilt architecture, present in several parts of the world, represents an adaptive model of territorial occupation, especially in lake environments. In Brazil, the stilt houses of Baixada Maranhense are a significant example of this construction tradition, dating back to ancient indigenous populations that inhabited the region. These constructions, often underestimated, are essential to understanding the interaction between society and the environment, in addition to contributing to the preservation of historical and cultural heritage. The research adopts an interdisciplinary methodological approach, combining bibliographic review, case study and field research. The research includes a survey of academic and iconographic sources, an analysis of the main stilt settlements around the world, and documentation of the Penalva stearias. On-site observation and contact with the community were essential to understanding the continuity of these construction practices in contemporary times. As a practical contribution, the study proposes the development of an educational booklet on the Penalva stearias, aiming to disseminate the knowledge acquired and strengthen the appreciation of vernacular stilt architecture. The work highlights the relevance of this architecture as part of Brazilian cultural heritage and reinforces the need for its preservation for future generations.