Imprensa, liberdade de expressão e nação em sala de aula: o brasileiro (1830-1832)

Abstract

This work is a study focused on the teaching of History, in which we will address the theoretical/methodological concepts for using newspapers as one of the languages in the discipline. We will also structure the means to apply the theme of censorship and freedom of the press in the classroom. During the course of our work, we will use the teaching theories of Jӧrn Rüsen (historical awareness) and David Paul Ausubel (meaningful learning) to formulate our didactic proposals. In this way, we will combine these two teaching theories to formulate the basis that will direct the two educational products resulting from our research. During the course of our research, we will analyze the conceptual basis for the use of newspapers in the teaching of History, as well as analyze the way in which the BNCC understands newspapers in learning. The relevance of this analysis is due to the need to understand the premises that shape these concepts and their connection with the teaching method that will structure our didactic proposal. Next, we will understand the conflicts regarding censorship and freedom of the press that existed in Brazil in the first half of the 19th century, by analyzing the historiography, documents on press decrees and laws, and the pages of the newspaper O Brasileiro. When choosing the newspaper O Brasileiro as the basis for research, it is especially important because it was created in the same year as the main press law in imperial Brazil, which is why relevant debates about the press law of 1830 are found in its pages. As a result of our analysis, we will have the production of two educational products. The first product is aimed at teachers, by putting together instructional materials guiding teachers in creating the best approach to using newspapers in their classes. The second educational product is aimed at eighth-grade students, by working on the theme of censorship and freedom of printing and expression in 19th-century Maranhão. In this way, we will support the teaching of History by providing materials for teachers and students.