Manifestações patológicas de umidade em residências afetadas pelas enchentes do Rio Mearim: estudo de caso na cidade de Bacabal/MA

Abstract

This final project focuses on pathological manifestations of moisture in homes affected by the Mearim River floods, focusing on homes located on Rua Santa Teresinha, in the municipality of Bcabal, Maranhão. The overall objective is to diagnose the pathological manifestations resulting from moisture in the affected homes, as well as describe and present these anomalies, evaluate the construction systems, and identify aspects related to safety, health, and habitability. The research was developed with the combination of two methods, descriptive and exploratory, through a qualitative approach, using bibliographic surveys, visual inspections and photographic records, carried out during the month of May 2024. Four residences that present similar construction characteristics were analyzed, composed of masonry walls, without a conventional structural system (beams and pillars), with painted and ceramic coverings and, in some cases, exposed subfloor. The main pathological manifestations identified were damp patches, mold, mildew, peeling mortar and paint, and hygroscopic cracks. The results indicate that, although no imminent risk of structural collapse was observed, the buildings are in unsanitary conditions, compromising the comfort, habitability, and health of residents, particularly due to the presence of significant internal humidity and insufficient ventilation.The conclusion is that moisture from floods significantly contributes to the degradation of building elements and the loss of residential performance, necessitating the adoption of corrective and preventive measures, although it is recognized that, in the context analyzed, families lack the resources to carry out these interventions. The study contributes technically to the field of Civil Engineering by understanding the pathological manifestations of moisture, and socially by highlighting the importance of public policies for technical assistance in social housing.