Esgotamento sanitário e manejo de resíduos sólidos: uma análise de falhas e impactos ambientais causados no Rio Mearim em Bacabal – MA

Abstract

This study aimed to describe deficiencies in the sewage system and solid waste management in the municipality of Bacabal – MA, considering its environmental impacts on the Mearim River, an essential water source in the region. The research was based on a literature review aligned with a case study focusing on photographic records, field visits, field observation, and the evaluation of the structural and social situation of basic sanitation of the population, especially in the vicinity of the river. The results obtained confirmed the lack of adequate infrastructure related to sewage treatment and proper solid waste management, thus causing environmental impacts on the local water resource and also impacting the health of the society. As a countermeasure to this scenario, the study conceived the formulation of a Manual of Good Environmental Practices, aimed at the population surrounding the Mearim River, with images and texts for the understanding of sustainable attitudes, in addition to indicating the construction of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), with better attention from public policies in the face of these problems. The study concludes by highlighting that the solution to the proven difficulties requires an incorporated strategy that combines the application of technical investments, awareness campaigns, and public participation, thus driving a form of sustainable transformation that protects water resources.