Desdobramentos do planejamento e gestão públicos no acirramento de conflitos socioambientais nas comunidades pesuqeiras no Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses — PNLM em Barreirinhas

Abstract

The Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (PNLM), a federal conservation unit located on the coast of Maranhão, has been the stage for socio-environmental conflicts arising from the overlap between environmental conservation policies and the peasant territorialities historically present in the beach zone. This monograph analyzes how public authorities, especially at the municipal level, have contributed to the intensification of these conflicts by favoring the entry of tourism and the restructuring of the territory according to external interests, to the detriment of community practices of land use and permanence. The research adopts a qualitative approach, guided by the dialectical method and grounded in historical materialism, combining literature review, fieldwork, and cartographic analysis. The empirical scope includes the communities of Atins, Mandacaru, Bar da Hora, Caburé, Ponta do Mangue, and Canto do Atins, whose everyday practices reveal forms of resistance against the exclusionary dynamics of capital. The results demonstrate that, despite institutional attempts to control the territory through plans, decrees, and zoning regulations, the peasant way of life persists and reinvents itself through collectives, associations, and networks of solidarity. The analysis highlights the centrality of political interferences in the escalation of conflicts and emphasizes the urgency of territorial management that is more sensitive to local specificities and to the rationalities built by traditional populations