Aplicação de programação linear como ferramenta auxiliar na determinação da localização dos quartéis do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Maranhão

Abstract

The services provided by the Military Fire Brigade include response to natural disasters, incidents with hazardous materials, technical rescue and pre-hospital care, with a demand that increases constantly. Managers are challenged to balance expectations of service to citizens with budgetary resources that require solid technical assistance to evaluate the impact of the increase in necessary barracks. The present work sought to implement the p-median model, which uses full binary programming, to locate the units of the Maranhão Military Fire Brigade to reduce operating costs and ensure the shortest service time for citizens. This is a descriptive and applied research, takes the form of a bibliographic review and restricts the subject to the location of facilities, adopting some steps to achieve the objective, from the collection of distance data between counties for the elaboration of matrix, elaboration and calculation of linear equations and the use of applied software to obtain an optimal solution for the model. As an example of application of the proposed model for locating facilities, the VI Operational Command Region, defined in Law 10.230 of April 23, 2015, extracting from these counties the matrix of distance, which was weighted with the index of annual occurrences, calculated through history of calls for occurrences of the bordering states of Maranhão. Thus, the simulation sought to establish the orderly and gradual opening of up to five fire station units, using as restrictions unlimited and zoned service. The Operational Research demonstrated that the p-median model is effective, reducing operating costs by up to twenty percent for each installed unit. It was evidenced that the institution has the capacity to evaluate its operational planning and how changes in the resources positioning will affect the results in response to the community and, therefore, to serve as an auxiliary tool to influence decision making by State managers. The model also has the potential to be used locating fire stations that open on occasion for Prevention Operations, such as beaches during holidays, periods of drought to prevent burning and holidays such as Carnival and São João