Oligarquia Vitorinista (1945-1965): entre presença e ausência no ensino de História do Maranhão

Abstract

The present work aims to analyze how the Victorinist oligarchy is worked in the classroom, also considering the Curriculum Document of the Maranhense Territory from the perspective of Local History. The target period of study ranges from 1945 to 1965, a period in which the Victorinist oligarchy remained in power. A discussion was held on the main concepts, for example, coronelismo, mandonismo and clientelismo and how they are important for understanding oligarchies and their practices. In addition to discussing the main concepts surrounding the theme, through the Maranhense Territory Curriculum Document and the National Common Curricular Base, an analysis was carried out of the presence and absence of this content in the classroom, in textbooks and the role of History teacher faced with these situations. The research was developed based on a bibliographical survey and subsequent application of a questionnaire with students and a teacher from the Santa Teresa Teaching Center in the Municipality of São Luís, Maranhão. The objective of applying this questionnaire was to provide us with a better understanding of how the topic is being addressed in the classroom. It was observed that in many cases, given the absence of content in textbooks, teachers do not feel prepared to teach classes on Local History, despite this, they are available to seek new sources and expand knowledge that should be the subject of intermediation. with the students. As a contribution, we present methodological possibilities so that teachers can work on victorinism in the classroom.