Estudo da usinabilidade dos aços: uma avaliação com base nos testes de composição química, composição química e índice de usinabilidade

Abstract

Machinability is the ability of a metal to be machined, i.e., to be worked by a manual or mechanical tool. The metals generally exhibit greater or lesser resistance to be machined. The higher resistance of this metal, it is more difficult to be machined. In the case of steel, the chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical and thermal treatments have a marked effect on machinability of this class of metallic materials, from the machinability testing based on the evaluation of the chemical composition. This work aims to study the machinability of carbon steels based on chemical composition test proposed by Czaplicki, (1962) taking into account the residual chemical elements present in carbon steels and analyzing the observed effects of each element present in the equation of chemical composition test and its influence on machinability index of the studied metals. Through the analysis of data generated by a data processing software, was observed the behavior of each chemical compound in the steel machinability, using graphs and tables to a larger organization results, and these showed that elements like carbon and silicon become harmful when their percentage levels are high and sulfur, manganese and phosphorus are favorable to machinability in controlled percentage levels