O ensino e a aprendizagem da matemática na escola – campo do Programa de Residência Pedagógica: um estudo de caso sobre o uso da metodologia de resolução de problemas

Abstract

The problem-solving methodology is based on students8 mathematical understanding of a problem, given that mathematics is a science, therefore, the feeling of curiosity and investigation are linked to this methodology. In view of this, problems are a very common question when thinking about mathematics, because something needs to be solved, thinking, reflecting and acting are human dimensions that need to stand a position to overcome this adversity. The dialogue is another aspect also necessary for this method, because for the student, finally, to find the problematic solution, in a classroom context, to share their perspectives on this problem with their peers and the teacher is fundamental. In this sense, this paper aims to analyze the use of problem-solving methodology during teaching and learning in mathematics, in a 5th grade elementary school, in a public school in São Luís-MA. Therefore, this study is a qualitative approach research and case study, besides consisting of a bibliographic study, seen by some authors as Allevato and Onuchic (2014); Alro and Skovsmose (2010); Carvalho (2011); D'Ambrósio (1986, 2012) and Polya (2004); help substantiate the topic under discussion. In addition, to analyze the use of the problem-solving methodology for teaching and learning in mathematics, a questionnaire was prepared for three teachers, more observation as a resident of the Pedagogical Residency program. Therefore, the use of problem-solving methods is not very common in math classes, as a methodological possibility, or when it is possible to use, it was applied in the abrupt and unplanned way and the reflection on the use. Thus, to understand a problem-solving methodology as a methodological possibility, it also provides for the students with an understanding of mathematics within a historical and social context, not only as a discipline, but as a knowledge that is also practical and well in constant transformation