Impactos do diabetes gestacional nas condições de saúde do recém-nascido

Abstract

Gestational diabetes (GD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by glucose intolerance that arises or is first diagnosed during pregnancy. This condition is associated with maternal and neonatal complications such as macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and respiratory disorders in newborns. Brazilian public policies include prenatal care programs aimed at the early detection of gestational diabetes, with guidelines based on tests such as fasting blood glucose and the oral glucose tolerance test. The goal of these policies is to reduce complications during pregnancy and the neonatal period, especially among pregnant women with risk factors such as obesity and advanced maternal age. The epidemiological scenario in Brazil shows an increase in the prevalence of gestational diabetes, highlighting the need for more effective prenatal interventions. This study employed a literature review and analysis of epidemiological data to understand the impacts of GD on the health conditions of newborns. The research included sources published in the last 05 years, focusing on health guidelines and clinical studies. The objective of this study is to analyze the impacts of gestational diabetes on neonatal health, emphasizing the importance of effective prenatal care to minimize risks to neonatal health. In the final considerations, the study suggests expanding preventive strategies and strengthening maternal and child health policies to improve the management of gestational diabetes, highlighting the importance of continuous monitoring of newborns exposed to GD to promote better quality of life.