Comunidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em babaçuais (Attalea speciosa mart.) do Maranhão

Abstract

Repeated burning and shorter fallow times in shifting agriculture cause a degrading retroactive cycle with incomplete recovery of soil fertility and reduced agricultural productivity.The babassu palm, due to its ruderal aspects, adapts well to these environments due to its high resilience and great power of invasion of disturbed areas. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have the ability to form associations with the roots of about 70% of all plant species, including tropical palms, which generally have 'thin roots' that are relatively thick and partially lignified and often form a strong mycorrhizal association. This work aims to evaluate the density and community of AMF and its taxonomic and functional structure in babassu areas of three municipalities in the state of Maranhão. The sample areas used are located in the municipalities of Buritirana, Viana and Coroatá in the state of Maranhão. The study was carried out in natural babassu populations and the collections were carried out at the end of the dry season (October/2021), in which three areas per municipality and four palm trees per area were chosen, the samples were taken at a depth of 0-20cm, totaling 36 samples. In the laboratory of Arthropods and Soil Microbiology (UEMA) the glomerospores of the 0-20cm samples were extracted and sorted for counting and subsequent identification of the AMF species, as well as the extraction of easily and total fractions of the glycoprotein produced by the AMF. The abundance of glomerospores ranged from 6 to 160 for 50 cm-¹ of soil, with greater expression in the municipality of Viana. Twenty-four species of AMF were identified with a predominance of Glomus(eleven) and Acaulospora(eight). G. Glomerulatum was the most abundant species, pointing to a great uniformity in the AMF community in the studied municipalities. The results suggest a strong mycorrhizal association of the babassu palm, influencing its surroundings, a possible central mechanism in its ecological success in degraded areas