Energia fotovoltaica: um panorama da implementação do sistema na cidade de Caxias-MA

Abstract

The use of energy generated by the sun, an inexhaustible source on Earth's time scale, both as a source of light and heat, is today undoubtedly one of the most promising energy options for facing the challenges that may arise in the coming centuries. In this context, Photovoltaic Energy stands out, which is obtained through the direct conversion of light into electricity (Photovoltaic Effect). The Photovoltaic Effect is the emergence of a potential difference at the ends of the structures of certain semiconductor materials, produced by the absorption of light. It is very important to know in detail each part of this process, which made the use of this energy source possible. Therefore, based on research in the most varied sources available, such as books, articles and various websites on the proposed subject, it was possible to understand how the distributed generation system works. This paper presents an overview of the implementation of this system in the city of Caxias - Ma. By observing the behavior of the photovoltaic effect in semiconductor materials, it is possible to understand the basic process of converting photons into an electric current. Next, the conversion of direct electric current (DC) into alternating current (AC) is discussed, demonstrating the components necessary for the system to function, and then the effects of radiation on solar cells are discussed, as well as the effects of temperature and other physical and atmospheric phenomena that interfere with the generation of electricity, also highlighting the environmental impacts of this solar energy conversion technology