Raiva e encefalites em herbívoros domésticos no Estado do Maranhão: diagnóstico, georreferenciamento e proposição de técnica para coleta de cérebro em morcegos

Abstract

The present work aims to study rabies and encephalitis in domestic herbivores from 1996 to 2009 in the state of Maranhao, through diagnosis and georeferencing, and propose a technique for collection of brain in bats. To study the diagnosis was used, research texts, interviews, data queries in federal and state institutions, analysis sheets and registration forms for research of diseases in domestic and wild animals. They also held a spatial study of cases of rabies and encephalitis in a geo-referenced in the period 2004 to 2009. To collect brain bats were used in five different properties in the municipality of the state. Bats captured and euthanized after using anesthetic protocol with ketamine hydrochloride at a dose of 0.1 ml, proceeded to collect the brain with plastic syringe 5 ml and needle with bezel 40x16 three-sided, white cannon, directed to one side of the skull above the foramen magnum to facilitate suction. It was noted that from 1996 to 2009 an average of 37 rabies cases per year, with 92.30% in cattle, horses 2.48%, 1.60% sheep, bats 1.58%, 0.70 goats %, 0.90% foxes, non-vampire bats and pigs 0.22% of cases. The most common clinical signs were anorexia, removal of the flock, drooling, mydriasis, head bowed to the side, opisthotonus, incoordination, and paralysis of hind limbs. The presence of Desmodus rotundus, has increased the probability of rabies occurrence of 1.517 times. The georeferenced data highlighted are the regions of cocais, lowlands, the state's northwest coast, are the most worked in relation to the diagnosis of encephalitis and rabies cases. We captured 22 bats, and 95.45% (n= 21), realize was collected from the brain. 100% of the brains were negative. It was concluded that cases of rabies in herbivores in the state is low and that there are large areas of silence and others that require further elucidation in the episodes. The use of suction syringe brain of bats, is a new option to collect the field or in the laboratory diagnosis of rabies.