Vigilância epidemiologica da influenza aviária no sítio de aves migratórias de panaquatira: Caracterização soromolecular, perfil epidemiológico dos criatórios e diagnóstico socioeducativo dos criadores de aves de subsistência residentes no entorno do Sítio

Abstract

The poultry sector is of great importance in the national and international scenario and, with the growing development of poultry in the state of Maranhão, coupled with the consolidation of the National Poultry Health Program at the state level, there is a need for improvements in the sanitary standards of the establishments. Subsistence creation. In this sense, the objective was to monitor the avian influenza of the Panaquatira - MA migratory bird site, by means of soromolecular characterization and the epidemiological profile of subsistence poultry breeders living around the site. To obtain the information, data were collected using data from forms of biological material collection in poultry establishments and registration of poultry establishment, provided by the State Agency of Agricultural Defense of Maranhão. Thirtyfive properties were visited in an area of 10 km around the site, where interviews were conducted with the owners and collected blood and swabs of cloaca and trachea of the animals. The findings were based on structured, unstructured interviews and direct observations at the time of the property visits. With the results we observed producers with low education, raising their birds in areas of up to five hectares, where 45.9% of the owners have a maximum of 30 birds in their flock and use family labor. Most are male (54.3%), aged over forty years (68.6%). There is a preference for listening to radio in the morning and TV at night, preferring to receive information through meetings and technical visits. Breeders have low to medium knowledge of bird diseases and low to complete ignorance about migratory bird characteristics. Samples were taken from 350 birds, in which all samples were taken from chickens. All samples (n = 350; 100%) were negative for avian influenza A virus, both in the immunodiffusion agar gel test and the Real Time PCR test (qPCR). Concluding absence of viral circulation of Avian Influenza A in subsistence poultry in the collected samples. Measures are needed to stimulate small farms in the study area through public policies and health education actions that promote improvements to the farms and add knowledge; in order to become a more profitable activity for families involved in the family poultry sector in the region