Mulheres camponesas em resistência: a luta das camponesas das Comunidades localizadas no Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses São Luís

Abstract

Due to the demand of the scientific community of Maranhão, the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (PNLM) was created, which is classified as Integral Protection by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources - IBAMA. Although, the creation of the Conservation Unit (UC) is justifiable, as it has a fauna and flora that is vital to be preserved. However, since its implementation, a set of socio-environmental conflicts has emerged involving the peasants who live there and the managing body, the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation - ICMBio. Due to the agency, by law, it imposes restrictions on the continuity of their traditional activities, such as fishing, extractivism, and animal husbandry, on the grounds that these practices cause the depredation of the environment, and that in case of non-compliance with the law, the residents will be subject to fines, which, for their economic standards, are considered high. This is contradictory, since the communities have lived in the area for a long time and the environment has remained preserved. It is also noteworthy the fact that the inhabitants of the area do not have any kind of participation in the Park's implementation project, in fact, this participation has only been mandatory since legislation after the creation of the Park. Contradictorily, the practice of tourism that is allowed and even encouraged in the PNLM degrades nature much more than the traditional practices of the peasants. Considering such issues, the present research aimed to study the data concerning the struggle of peasant women in the Lençóis Maranhense National Park, as well as the conflicts and contradictions that involve them. To do so, we used the dialectical method, supported by the theoretical framework of historical materialism