Análise multitemporal do uso e cobertura da terra e as pressões exercidas sobre a Bacia hidrográfica do rio Pindaré - MA

Abstract

As the economy became more complex and diversified and the intensification of land uses advanced in the territories, pressures on surface and underground water resources became more frequent and alarming. In this way, the exploitation of natural resources to meet human needs has become increasingly frequent, raising the need to address watersheds as territorial units of planning and management. It is in this relationship that we envisaged approaching the Pindaré River Basin, a sector of the State of Maranhão, more precisely in the Maranhão Amazon, where there is a massive insertion of activities that alter the dynamics and interrelationships of the components of its hydrographic basins . Therefore, this article sought to carry out a multitemporal analysis of land use and land cover, combined with remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques, in order to monitor changes in the forest pattern in one of the places most impacted by anthropic advances in the Amazon region. The results showed that, since 1990, the modification of the landscape due to agricultural and extractive activities in the region was already visible. However, over the 30 years, the coverage of the entire watershed has undergone significant changes, where there has been a conversion from forest formation to pasture. This conversion caused several pressures and impacts on the BHRP, such as destruction of riparian forests, erosion, silting and degradation of watercourses, among others