O mapeamento participativo e os processos erosivos das ruínas da Beirada de Alcântara

Abstract

The municipality of Alcântara is part of the APA (Environmental Protection Area) of Reentrâncias Maranhenses, a conservation unit for sustainable use, which allows sustainable access to natural resources, but requires a management of the territory that includes environmental, cultural and social dimensions. Inserted in this context, Alcântara was recognized as a national monument in 1948 due to its cultural, historical and archaeological value of the architectural and landscape set, with the presence of mansions and ruins that confirm a certain phase of the history of the State of Maranhão. In addition to having all this potential, it has biologically diverse, rich and productive natural resources: the mangrove, which is located on the edge of Alcântara, a feeding place for several fishing species. In the midst of this study area, the general objective is to map in a participatoiy way the ruins of the edge of Alcântara, seeking to understand the cultural landscape with the main focus on Rua da Amargura, an integral part of the Historie Center tumbled on the edge. For this, bibliographic surveys, fleld studies, analysis of samples collected from the researched area were carried out. Thus, it was possible to perceive that the area of the edge of Alcântara faces a great environmental problem related to the improper disposal of solid waste, enhancing the emergence of gullies and landslides in the locality. Through the samples that were collected and analyzed in the laboratory, it was possible to perceive that the density of the soil is an important physical attribute, as it provides indications about the State of its conservation, especially in its influence on properties such as infiltration and retention of water in the soil. soil, root development, gas exchange and susceptibility of this soil to erosive processes in the area. And that the terrain significantly favors the development of erosive processes, added to the pluviometric índices, slope of the terrain, anthropic action, lack of vegetation in the place, among others, cause erosion on a large scale. A transversal walk was also carried out, where it was possible to map participatively and understand the importance of the architectural collection of the ruins of Beirada as a great landscape potential. Emphasizing that it is extremely important to increase care in this area for the conservation of the city of Alcântara's heritage