Análise do perfil clínico - epidemiológico de casos notificados de sífilis em gestantes no município de Grajaú – Maranhão entre os anos de 2018 à 2021

Abstract

Among Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), syphilis, a systemic infectious disease, chronic evolution, subject to latency periods and outbreaks of acute diseases stand out. Its etiological agent is the bacterium Treponema pallidum, genus Treponema, of the treponemataceae family, and sexual or vertical transmission (i.e., from mother to baby) and cause respectively the acquired or congenital form of the disease. This is the result of cases in which the pregnant woman is infected by the bacterium Treponema pallidum during the period that comprises prenatal, childbirth and/or puerperium. It presents in the following phases: primary, secondary, recent latent, late latent or tertiary. The present research aims to analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of reported cases of syphilis during the gestational period in the municipality of Grajáu, in the state of Maranhão between the years 2018 to 2021. The present study is a cross-sectional research, developed in an exploratory, retrospective and descriptive nature, of quantitative approach and epidemiological nature, with the use of secondary data from the public domain, provided and extracted from the database of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), available on the website of the Ministry of Health (MS) – the (DATASUS), in the period from January to December, between 2018 and 2021. To digitize and analyze the data, the following data tabulator (TABNET) was used, followed by the use of the Microsoft Software Excel platform, version 2010, to obtain the results of absolute and relative frequencies and to elaborate them in tables thus describing them in text format. The results showed that the population surveyed between 2018 and 2021 was composed of the age group of young pregnant women between 15 and 19 years and adults between 20 and 39 years, brown and who did not complete from the 5th to 8th grade of elementary school. It was also demonstrated that all 43 reported cases of the population studied, in the period studied, evolved to death. Therefore, it is concluded that the results of the study express the recognition of this disease with regard to GS as a serious public health problem and thus making it necessary to manage its control through prenatal nursing care