Análise das taxas de Cesária segundo a classificação de Robson em um município do Maranhão no período de 2017 a 2021

Abstract

Surgical interventions such as Cesarean Section (CS) are necessary when Vaginal Labor (PV) does not progress physiologically or presents a potential risk to the couple. In this sense, the World Health Organization (WHO) determined that the ideal cesarean section rate would be between 10 and 15%, since increasing these percentages was not associated with being beneficial for reducing maternal and neonatal deaths. The Robson Group (GR) classification was selected as a method, which aims to gather, analyze and compare CS rates. This study aimed to analyze Cesarean Section Rates (TCS) according to the Robson Group (GR) classification in the municipality of Santa Inês- Maranhão from 2017 to 2021. This is a descriptive, longitudinal, retrospective epidemiological study of quantitative nature, in which secondary data from the database of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) were used. The research sample was 7,223 births by CS. The data were stored using the Microsoft Excel® version 2019 program, in addition, statistical tests were carried out using the GraphPad Prism Software version 2.0.2. Descriptive analyzes presented using Absolute Rates (TA) and Relative Rates (TR) were also carried out. The results showed that CS was the most common birth modality in the city of Santa Inês -MA, comprising 56% of TCS. CS was the majority of women aged between 20 and 24 years (31%), of mixed race (89%), with 8 to 11 years of schooling (76%), who lived in a consensual union (45%) and had more than adequate prenatal care (44%). When distributing women among the GR, groups 5(34%) and 1(30%) had a high prevalence among the cesarean section population, however, regarding the analysis of AT and TR, all 10 GR groups presented acceptable TCS, except by GR 3 and 1. CR 3 accounted respectively for TA and TR of 12, 18% and 21.75%, which should not exceed 3%, while GR 1 had a TR of 29.55%, which should be below 10%, thus above the rate recommended by the WHO. It is concluded that, based on the TCS found and the higher prevalence of births due to CS in GR 5, 1 and 3, in order to reduce TCS, interventions are needed aimed at preventing the first cesarean section in nulliparous women and encouraging PV when this is capable of indication in all women