Cuidados biopsicossociais da população idosa em cenário da Covid – 19 diante das repercussões da solidão e isolamento social: revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 has a high level of lethality in the elderly population, in this context, social distancing emerges as a crucial measure both to mitigate the spread of the Coronavirus in society and to protect the elderly population, which is in the group considered greater vulnerability, however, this measure brings great harm to the biopsychosocial health of this population. Objective: To analyze the scientific literature on biopsychosocial care for the elderly population in the face of the repercussions of loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and understand the impacts of these phenomena on the physical, emotional, psychological and social health of the elderly population. Methodology: This is a scoping review, carried out between February and March 2024 through consultations with the MEDLINE database via PubMed, the Web of Science via the CAPES Portal, LILACS and BDENF accessed through the Virtual Health Library (BVS), for the search, descriptors from DeCS and MeSH were used, which were combined with Boolean operators. In the initial search, 904 articles were found, however, only 15 of these articles met the established inclusion criteria and were considered eligible to be included in the review. Result: Of the studies included, the majority were composed of original articles, 40% of which were identified on the Web of Science, with a greater number of publications in Brazil (40%) and a greater prevalence of studies launched in 2022 (40%). The majority of research was characterized as cohort studies, representing 26.67% and the use of the quantitative method in 60% of the studies. When analyzing the studies aiming to answer the central question, recurring patterns and themes were identified in the chosen articles, which were categorized into three thematic groups, as well as: “Perceptions of the elderly about social distancing”, “Repercussion of loneliness and social distancing in aspects biopsychosocial care in the elderly population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic” and “Biopsychosocial care for the elderly population in the face of loneliness and social isolation”. Conclusion: The study allowed us to analyze the main care mentioned in the literature, addressing the biopsychosocial dimensions of care for the elderly population under the effects of social isolation during the pandemic, which include interventions that promote resilience, encouraging safe social contact and strengthening the support network , use of technology and remote educational interventions, encouraging the practice of physical activities and self-care, in addition to the implementation of telemedicine and multidisciplinary monitoring in PHC, mainly with nurses. Furthermore, the study made it possible to understand the impacts of social isolation and loneliness in the context of COVID-19 on the physical, emotional, psychological and social health of the elderly population