Caracterização físico-química e adulterações em leite cru comercializado informalmente na ilha de São Luís - MA

Abstract

Consumption of informal milk in Brazil is a common practice, related to cultural, regional and social reasons, which can be harmful to consumers. Physical-chemical parameters are important method for identifying quality of raw refrigerated milk, because through these analyses it is possible to evaluate quality of milk and identify substances that are not part of its composition. Alteration of quality of the milk and risk to the consumers due to presence of substances can cause health problems. In this way, present work had as objective to carry out investigation of frauds and physical-chemical characterization of raw milk commercialized informally in the Island of São Luís - MA; 15 samples of 1 L of milk were collected in commercial establishments (bakeries and markets), as consumer. Parameters were analyzed: Alizarol, Total titratable acidity (TTA), Relative density at 15°C, Fat content, Total Solids (TSS) and Non-fat Solids (NSS), Cryoscopic index, Alkaline phosphatase, Peroxidase; in addiction to somatic cell count (SCC), as an indicator of subclinical mastitis and search for inclusion of fraudulent substances such as hydrogen peroxide, urea, glucose, maltodextrin, starch, formaldehyde and chlorides. Results were compared to standards established by Normative Instruction n°76/2018. It was verified that all analyzed samples were outside the standards established by Brazilian legislation: TTA, 60% (9); Alizarol, 20% (3); SCC, 73.33% (11); Cryoscopic index 60% (9); Relative density at 15°C, 46.66% (7); SNG 80% (12); addition of 20% chlorides (3); and for peroxidase enzyme, only 1 sample showed a negative value. It was concluded that all samples presented some type of irregularity. Thus, the raw refrigerated milk commercialized informally in the city of São Luís, may represent risks to consumer's health.