Politica habitacional do Estado autoritário em São Luis (1964-1985)

Abstract

After the establishment of the military government, particularly after the Medici Government, Brazil was a time of great economic euphoria, based on great investments. Before, in 1964, was created the Banco Nacional da Habitação, responsible for managing the Sistema da Habitação Social. In this context of intervention in the process of structuring Brazilian cities, São Luís began an expansion of an urban core 4,35ha, between the estuaries of rivers Anil and Bacanga to a new city with more than 20ha. This expansion was made guided by a series of investments, which we highlight those performed in the urban infrastructure, such as new roads and the consolidation of these areas through the housing and public services inherent in this activity, such as water supply and sewage and electricity. On the other hand, we had here the installation of new projects, which characterize a new Maranhão industrial boom, in which we highlight those responsible for the export logistics of the Carajas ore and aluminum production Alumar. To formalize these developments, was elaborated the Plano Diretor in 1974, which would permanently to a process of completely new spatial dispersion in São Luís. Given this new dynamic marked fragmentation and segregation provided, the Housing Company of Maranhão, COHAB -MA, will play a key role in the consolidation of areas intended for the low-income population. Given this context, this work is mainly concerned to understand how was the new São Luís consolidation process, through the Social Housing. In seeking to answer this question, also seek to understand, how was the production of social housing in São Luís during the study period, the COHAB-MA? How this interventionist and authoritarian state, articulated a urban restructuring project for São Luis, and how this would relate to the policy directed to social housing? Finally, we believe it is also important to investigate how to materialize the projects COHAB-MA and what its contradictions in São Luís during this period? From the answers to these questions, we intend to make contributions to the theme dealing with an important period in the urban history of our object and a vital urban space production mechanism, especially in underdeveloped cities such as São Luís