Frequência de participação nas aulas práticas de educação física nos anos finais no ensino fundamental em São João dos Patos-MA

Abstract

School Physical Education plays a fundamental role in the integral development of students, contributing to physical, social, cognitive, and affective aspects. However, several factors may interfere with students' participation in practical classes, compromising the achievement of the educational objectives of the discipline. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the frequency of students' participation in practical Physical Education classes, identify the factors that influence this participation, analyze students' perceptions regarding the importance of the discipline, and identify suggestions for improving the classes. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, conducted with middle school students from a public school in the municipality of São João dos Patos, Maranhão, Brazil. The sample consisted of 41 students enrolled from the 6th to the 9th grade, selected through convenience sampling. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire containing closed-ended and open-ended questions, and the data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics. The results showed low participation in practical classes, since 56.1% of the students reported participating rarely or never. The main factor associated with low participation was scheduling conflicts, especially because the classes were offered outside regular school hours. Other factors identified included health problems, insecurity, and lack of interest. Among the suggestions for improvement, students highlighted changing class schedules, offering other sports modalities, and improving school infrastructure. Despite the difficulties identified, most students recognized the importance of Physical Education in the school context. It is concluded that organizational and structural factors significantly influence students' participation, making it necessary to adopt strategies that promote access, motivation, and engagement in practical Physical Education classes.