Ocorrência de casos de amebíase nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Bacabal, Maranhão, no período de 2022 a 2025

Abstract

Amoebiasis is an intestinal parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica and remains an important public health problem, especially in regions with inadequate basic sanitation, limited access to safe drinking water, and poor hygiene conditions. This study aimed to analyze the occurrence of amoebiasis cases recorded in the Primary Health Care Units of the municipality of Bacabal, Maranhão, Brazil, between 2022 and 2025. This is a quantitative, descriptive, documentary, and retrospective study based on the analysis of secondary data obtained from reports of the e-SUS Primary Health Care information system provided by the Municipal Health Department of Bacabal. Records classified under the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10 A06 – Amoebiasis) from January 2022 to December 2025 were analyzed. The data were organized into electronic spreadsheets and submitted to descriptive statistical analysis using absolute and relative frequencies, presented in tables and graphs. During the study period, 318 cases of amoebiasis were recorded in the municipality's Primary Health Care Units. A reduction in the number of cases was observed between 2022 and 2024, followed by an increase in notifications in 2025. Differences were also identified in the distribution of cases among the Primary Health Care Units, indicating a heterogeneous epidemiological pattern of the disease within the municipality. The findings demonstrate that amoebiasis remains a relevant public health concern, closely associated with environmental, sanitary, and socioeconomic factors. It is concluded that strengthening epidemiological surveillance, Primary Health Care, health education initiatives, and investments in basic sanitation is essential for the monitoring, prevention, and control of the disease, contributing to improved health conditions for the population of Bacabal.