Fatores de risco associados às infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) tardias em neonatos de baixo peso admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal: revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections acquired after patient admission and manifesting during hospitalization or after discharge, when related to hospitalization or hospital procedures. The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a favorable setting for the occurrence of late HAIs, due to environmental factors and factors intrinsic to neonates. Objective to identify the risk factors associated with late HAIs in low birth weight neonates admitted to the NICU. To achieve this objective, an integrative literature review was conducted, descriptive in nature and qualitative in character, using the PICo strategy to formulate the guiding question. For the bibliographic survey, the following databases indexed to the Virtual Health Library (VHL) were used: Online System for Searching and Analysis of Analysis of Medical Literature (MEDLINE) and the Specialized Bibliographic Database in the field of Nursing (BDENF), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Google Scholar, from August to December 2025. A total of 9 articles that answered the guiding question were analyzed. For the discussion, 4 thematic categories were selected: Intrinsic factors of the newborn; Factors related to newborn care; Environmental and structural factors of the NICU; Strategies for prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections in the NICU. Recognition of these factors is essential for the effective implementation of prevention and control measures, ensuring safety and quality in patient care.