Estratégias e desafios da enfermagem na prevenção da sífilis congênita no Brasil - revisão integrativa

Abstract

Congenital syphilis represents a relevant public health problem in the Brazilian context, being intrinsically related to maternal and child health. Although it is a preventable condition through timely screening and appropriate management during prenatal care, records of the disease remain expressive, evidencing social inequities, difficulties in accessing health services, and weaknesses in primary care. This study aims to analyze the main strategies and challenges of nursing in the prevention of congenital syphilis in Brazil. This is an integrative literature review, based on the evaluation of scientific publications published between 2019 and 2025, using the descriptors: "Nursing", "Congenital Syphilis", "Primary Prevention" and "Health Strategies", in the SciELO, MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, BDENF and Cochrane databases. At the end of the selection process, 8 studies made up the research sample. The analysis of the studies showed that the role of the nurse is strategic in the prevention of congenital syphilis, encompassing educational actions, testing and monitoring of pregnant women, followup of the newborn, and coordinated work with the multidisciplinary team. However, significant obstacles persist, such as low treatment adherence, the presence of stigma, scarcity of resources, and insufficient prenatal care coverage. Therefore, the improvement of public policies, combined with professional training and the strengthening of health education actions, is essential for reducing the incidence of congenital syphilis in the country and for promoting maternal and child health.